The structure of the ISM Code outlines the steps of a safety management system. Paragraph 1.2.3 of the code is significant as it states the following: The Company’s safety management objectives should, inter alia, continuously improve the safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships, including preparation for emergencies related to both safety and…

In recent months, we witnessed a tragedy in Ukraine. In military operations, we noticed the capabilities of hackers. They could damage power grids, supply chains, banking systems, water treatment, and communications. Targets of maritime interest were transportation infrastructures and ports. As per a report by Microsoft, the success of such cyber-attacks is achievable through social…